Understanding Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a hip condition that occurs when the bones of the hip joint develop abnormally, leading to abnormal contact during movement. Over time, this repeated friction can damage the joint, causing pain and limiting mobility. If left untreated, FAI can increase the risk of early hip osteoarthritis and accelerate joint deterioration.

Causes of FAI

FAI is caused by abnormal bone growth in the hip joint, typically forming during adolescence. There are three types:

• Cam impingement: The femoral head (ball) isn’t perfectly round and can’t rotate smoothly inside the acetabulum (socket).
• Pincer impingement: The acetabulum covers too much of the femoral head, leading to pinching of the labrum and cartilage.
• Combined impingement: A mix of both cam and pincer abnormalities, which is the most common form.

These deformities can be congenital or develop in response to high-impact sports during adolescence when bones are still growing.

Symptoms of FAI

People with FAI often experience:

• Groin pain during or after activity
• Hip stiffness or limited range of motion
• A clicking or locking sensation in the hip
• Discomfort when sitting for long periods

Symptoms may start mild and worsen over time, especially with physical activity.

Risks and Complications

If untreated, FAI can lead to significant joint damage. Repetitive impingement wears down the labrum (the cartilage rim around the socket) and the articular cartilage, increasing the risk of developing hip osteoarthritis at a younger age. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), FAI is a leading cause of osteoarthritis in the hip in adults under 50. Joint deterioration from FAI can occur more rapidly than typical age-related changes, particularly in active individuals.

Treatment Options

Non-surgical treatments for FAI include:

• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve hip mechanics
• Activity modification to avoid movements that cause pain
• Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling

These approaches may relieve symptoms but won’t correct the structural abnormality. Surgical treatment is often recommended for patients who don’t improve with conservative care. Hip arthroscopy is the most common procedure, involving small incisions and a camera to:

• Remove excess bone from the femur or acetabulum
• Repair or remove damaged labrum and cartilage
• Restore smooth movement in the joint

At Robotic Hip and Knee Replacement LA, we use advanced robotic-assisted techniques for precision bone reshaping and tissue preservation. This leads to better outcomes, faster recovery, and reduced risk of complications.

Effective Treatment for FAI in Los Angeles

FAI is a mechanical problem with long-term consequences if ignored. Recognizing symptoms early and seeking appropriate care can prevent joint damage and delay or avoid arthritis. Whether through physical therapy or robotic hip surgery, effective treatment can restore mobility and reduce pain. If you’re experiencing persistent hip discomfort, consult with a specialist to determine whether FAI may be the cause. If you have FAI, contact our team at Robotic Hip and Knee Replacement LA to schedule a treatment consultation with one of our orthopedic specialists.